1 00:00:02,000 --> 00:00:07,000 Downloaded from YTS.MX 2 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,000 Official YIFY movies site: YTS.MX 3 00:00:35,380 --> 00:00:38,497 and earth than are dreamt of 4 00:00:38,540 --> 00:00:40,815 in your philosophy. 5 00:00:44,060 --> 00:00:52,060 There are more things in heaven 6 00:05:24,660 --> 00:05:28,096 Dracula, published in 1897, 7 00:05:28,100 --> 00:05:31,729 is one of the all time great money-making novels. 8 00:05:31,740 --> 00:05:34,379 It has been sold in millions of copies throughout the world. 9 00:05:36,500 --> 00:05:38,650 This greatest of all horror classics 10 00:05:38,660 --> 00:05:41,777 has also been a hit play in several countries 11 00:05:41,780 --> 00:05:44,738 and has inspired more commercially successful films 12 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:46,970 than any other novel. 13 00:05:52,380 --> 00:05:56,214 Dracula was written by the Irish author bram stoker, 14 00:05:56,220 --> 00:05:58,609 best known in his own time as the business manager 15 00:05:58,620 --> 00:06:00,895 of Henry Irving, one of the most famous, 16 00:06:00,900 --> 00:06:03,733 theatrical personalities of the victorian age. 17 00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:05,776 Stoker is supposed to have modeled Dracula's 18 00:06:05,780 --> 00:06:08,692 physical appearance on Irving. 19 00:06:08,700 --> 00:06:11,931 The novel tells the story of count Dracula, 20 00:06:11,940 --> 00:06:14,613 who plans to gain control of the world 21 00:06:14,620 --> 00:06:17,657 by turning everyone into vampires. 22 00:06:17,660 --> 00:06:20,970 He leaves his ancestral home in transylvania 23 00:06:20,980 --> 00:06:22,652 and goes to england, 24 00:06:22,660 --> 00:06:25,174 taking with him several boxes of earth 25 00:06:25,180 --> 00:06:27,171 as his daylight hours must be spent 26 00:06:27,180 --> 00:06:29,853 resting on his native soil. 27 00:06:46,300 --> 00:06:50,134 Transylvania, which means the land beyond the forest 28 00:06:50,140 --> 00:06:52,290 is often thought to be a mythical place, 29 00:06:52,300 --> 00:06:55,212 in fact, it is an ancient province of Romania 30 00:06:55,220 --> 00:06:57,370 which consists of a high plateau ringed 31 00:06:57,380 --> 00:06:59,769 by the rugged carpathian mountains. 32 00:06:59,780 --> 00:07:02,010 Even today, it is one of the wildest 33 00:07:02,020 --> 00:07:04,170 and least known parts of Europe. 34 00:07:07,740 --> 00:07:10,857 The population is of rich, national origins. 35 00:07:10,860 --> 00:07:12,578 Romanian, Hungarian, 36 00:07:12,580 --> 00:07:16,129 slovak, German, and székelys. 37 00:07:16,140 --> 00:07:18,699 In book, count Dracula speaks of his decent 38 00:07:18,700 --> 00:07:20,736 from these székelys, 39 00:07:20,740 --> 00:07:23,573 who's ancestors were probably huns. 40 00:07:32,500 --> 00:07:35,173 Stoker never visited transylvania 41 00:07:35,180 --> 00:07:37,819 but gained most of his knowledge at the British museum 42 00:07:37,820 --> 00:07:40,095 from old maps and guidebooks. 43 00:07:40,100 --> 00:07:42,455 He made free use of transylvanian history, 44 00:07:42,460 --> 00:07:44,291 folklore and geography to create 45 00:07:44,300 --> 00:07:46,859 an atmosphere of terror. 46 00:07:46,860 --> 00:07:49,852 He wrote that, "every known superstition in the world 47 00:07:49,860 --> 00:07:52,738 was gathered into the horseshoe of the carpathians, 48 00:07:52,740 --> 00:07:56,096 as if it was some sort of imaginary whirlpool.” 49 00:08:10,020 --> 00:08:12,136 On leaving the carpathians, 50 00:08:12,140 --> 00:08:14,096 count Dracula journeys to england 51 00:08:14,100 --> 00:08:16,659 and proceeds immediately to carfax, 52 00:08:16,660 --> 00:08:19,015 an old castle where he intends to hide 53 00:08:19,020 --> 00:08:21,932 while ravaging the countryside. 54 00:08:21,940 --> 00:08:25,091 Dracula must remain in his grave during the daytime 55 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:26,931 but at night, his lust for blood 56 00:08:26,980 --> 00:08:29,892 becomes unquenchable, his brain power limitless, 57 00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:32,459 and his physical strength irresistible. 58 00:08:32,460 --> 00:08:35,975 He quickly adds to his countless list of victims. 59 00:09:30,060 --> 00:09:32,619 Eventually, Dracula is found out 60 00:09:32,620 --> 00:09:34,690 and forced to flee england. 61 00:09:34,700 --> 00:09:37,089 He makes for his remote castle in transylvania, 62 00:09:37,100 --> 00:09:41,491 certain that no one will be able to trace him there. 63 00:09:41,500 --> 00:09:44,890 Stoker located Dracula's castle near bistrita 64 00:09:44,900 --> 00:09:46,731 in northern transylvania. 65 00:09:46,740 --> 00:09:48,412 Although he had never visited the area, 66 00:09:48,420 --> 00:09:51,173 his descriptions were remarkably accurate. 67 00:09:51,180 --> 00:09:55,332 He writes, "the road was cut through pine woods 68 00:09:55,340 --> 00:09:59,572 that seemed in the darkness to be closing down upon us, 69 00:09:59,580 --> 00:10:03,858 as the evening fell, great masses of greyness 70 00:10:03,860 --> 00:10:07,455 produced a weird and solemn effect. 71 00:10:07,460 --> 00:10:11,169 Beyond Rose the forest up to the lofty steeps 72 00:10:11,180 --> 00:10:13,739 of the carpathian's themselves. 73 00:10:13,740 --> 00:10:17,050 Blue and purple in the shadows of the peaks, 74 00:10:17,060 --> 00:10:21,736 green and brown where grass and rock mingle. 75 00:10:21,740 --> 00:10:23,776 An endless perspective of mountains 76 00:10:23,780 --> 00:10:27,056 losing themselves in the distance. 77 00:10:27,060 --> 00:10:32,009 Then the mountains seem to come nearer to us on each side, 78 00:10:32,020 --> 00:10:36,775 we were entering the borgo pass itself. 79 00:10:36,780 --> 00:10:41,217 A sinister silence seemed to settle, 80 00:10:41,220 --> 00:10:45,532 but for a strange music a far.” 81 00:11:29,860 --> 00:11:32,055 According to the novel, Dracula's castle 82 00:11:32,060 --> 00:11:33,812 is not mentioned in any guidebook 83 00:11:33,820 --> 00:11:35,890 nor did it appear on any map. 84 00:11:35,900 --> 00:11:39,256 Stoker wrote, "we looked back and saw 85 00:11:39,260 --> 00:11:43,572 where the clear line of Dracula's castle cut the sky, 86 00:11:43,580 --> 00:11:47,812 there was something wild and uncanny about the place. 87 00:11:47,820 --> 00:11:52,814 We could hear the distance howling of wolves." 88 00:11:53,660 --> 00:11:55,651 At the end of the story, 89 00:11:55,660 --> 00:11:58,697 count Dracula is about to reach the safety of his castle 90 00:11:58,700 --> 00:12:01,453 when he is caught by the hero Jonathan harker 91 00:12:01,460 --> 00:12:05,009 and the vampire expert, Dr. Van Helsing. 92 00:12:05,020 --> 00:12:07,773 Just as the sun is about to set, 93 00:12:07,780 --> 00:12:09,532 Dracula's head is cut off 94 00:12:09,540 --> 00:12:13,135 with a kukri knife, 95 00:12:13,140 --> 00:12:16,815 and a bowing knife is plunged into his heart. 96 00:12:16,820 --> 00:12:19,050 Count Dracula instantly turns to dust 97 00:12:19,060 --> 00:12:20,618 and vanishes forever. 98 00:12:23,180 --> 00:12:26,855 In reality, peasant life in the more remote villages 99 00:12:26,860 --> 00:12:30,136 of transylvania has not changed much for centuries, 100 00:12:30,140 --> 00:12:32,779 and belief in vampires and other superstitions 101 00:12:32,780 --> 00:12:37,410 is still strong, though such things are now rarely spoken. 102 00:12:39,820 --> 00:12:42,618 Living today, in the valley of arges 103 00:12:42,620 --> 00:12:46,613 below castle Dracula, is the gypsy tinker. 104 00:12:46,620 --> 00:12:48,212 Should it calls that when her father 105 00:12:48,220 --> 00:12:51,178 was laid out for burial in 1932, 106 00:12:51,180 --> 00:12:54,331 it was discovered that rigor mortis had not set in, 107 00:12:54,340 --> 00:12:56,171 the skin was still pliable 108 00:12:56,180 --> 00:12:59,297 and the cheeks bore a ruddy completion. 109 00:12:59,300 --> 00:13:02,770 The villagers believed, that of course he must be a vampire. 110 00:13:02,780 --> 00:13:05,453 So they plunged a wooden stake through his heart 111 00:13:05,460 --> 00:13:09,692 and as an added safeguard, burned his body. 112 00:13:09,700 --> 00:13:12,692 Vampire belief has existed since the dawn of civilization 113 00:13:12,700 --> 00:13:15,498 throughout the world, but has been most common 114 00:13:15,500 --> 00:13:17,536 in eastern Europe. 115 00:13:17,540 --> 00:13:20,498 Vampires are creatures of the night 116 00:13:20,500 --> 00:13:22,934 who can either be men or women. 117 00:13:22,940 --> 00:13:25,818 In eastern Europe they're supposed to have two souls 118 00:13:25,820 --> 00:13:27,651 and are neither alive nor dead 119 00:13:27,660 --> 00:13:32,176 but undead, as one's soul never dies. 120 00:13:32,180 --> 00:13:34,250 Vampires cannot rest in the grave 121 00:13:34,260 --> 00:13:36,854 but will spend the night searching for victims, 122 00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:39,932 people, or animals whose blood they drink. 123 00:13:39,940 --> 00:13:42,329 The victims either die immediately 124 00:13:42,340 --> 00:13:43,693 or gradually waste away, 125 00:13:43,700 --> 00:13:47,056 and some become vampires after death. 126 00:13:47,060 --> 00:13:50,211 At cockcrow or when the morning bell tolls, 127 00:13:50,220 --> 00:13:52,131 vampires must return to their coffins 128 00:13:52,140 --> 00:13:55,610 or risk dissolving in the sunlight. 129 00:13:55,620 --> 00:13:57,850 They spend their daylight hours in the grave, 130 00:14:01,060 --> 00:14:04,939 and under their fingernails are traces of blood. 131 00:14:04,940 --> 00:14:07,010 The universal fear of death 132 00:14:07,020 --> 00:14:10,251 and the impossible desire for eternal life 133 00:14:10,260 --> 00:14:12,535 are deeply rooted in vampire belief. 134 00:14:12,540 --> 00:14:15,452 As is the oriental concept of reincarnation 135 00:14:15,460 --> 00:14:17,928 or eternal return. 136 00:14:45,300 --> 00:14:48,849 In transylvania, vampirism was originally 137 00:14:48,860 --> 00:14:52,899 a folk superstition rather than a religious idea, 138 00:14:52,900 --> 00:14:55,698 it probably came from Asia by caravan route 139 00:14:55,700 --> 00:14:58,737 and with a nomadic magyars around the birth of Christ, 140 00:14:58,740 --> 00:15:00,492 centering in the carpathian mountains 141 00:15:00,500 --> 00:15:03,537 and mixing with the rich folklore of that region. 142 00:15:08,900 --> 00:15:11,653 Who can become a vampire? 143 00:15:11,660 --> 00:15:15,335 Criminals, witches, those born with teeth, 144 00:15:15,340 --> 00:15:16,932 those under a curse, 145 00:15:16,940 --> 00:15:19,534 and young children who die unchristened. 146 00:15:19,540 --> 00:15:23,613 The seventh son of a seventh son is doomed. 147 00:15:23,620 --> 00:15:25,736 And one must be very cautious of a man 148 00:15:25,740 --> 00:15:28,857 who does not eat garlic. 149 00:15:51,020 --> 00:15:54,057 Vampires can assume a variety of animal forms, 150 00:15:54,060 --> 00:15:57,735 such as large dogs, snakes, or bats 151 00:15:57,740 --> 00:16:01,494 and in Romania, particularly, wolves and black cats. 152 00:16:08,660 --> 00:16:10,571 They are tremendously strong, 153 00:16:10,580 --> 00:16:13,333 they cast no shadow, have no reflection in mirrors, 154 00:16:13,340 --> 00:16:14,898 and can make themselves invisible 155 00:16:14,900 --> 00:16:16,970 by dissolving into a mist. 156 00:16:20,660 --> 00:16:22,491 It is also believed that every year 157 00:16:22,500 --> 00:16:24,172 on Saint Andrew's Eve, 158 00:16:24,180 --> 00:16:27,855 vampires meet at places like graveyards, 159 00:16:27,860 --> 00:16:31,978 to decide on their programs for the coming year. 160 00:16:31,980 --> 00:16:35,416 Who is to be killed and by who. 161 00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:09,376 In transylvania folklore, vampires are almost always 162 00:17:09,380 --> 00:17:11,211 peasants rather than nobleman, 163 00:17:11,220 --> 00:17:12,812 as literary tradition would have it. 164 00:17:12,820 --> 00:17:15,892 However, countess Elizabeth barthory 165 00:17:15,900 --> 00:17:19,176 born in 15670 was a famous exception. 166 00:17:19,180 --> 00:17:20,613 Her family coat of arms 167 00:17:20,620 --> 00:17:23,054 consisted of three wolves teeth, 168 00:17:23,060 --> 00:17:25,255 and Elizabeth herself was said to have been 169 00:17:25,260 --> 00:17:29,014 a living vampiress or werewolf. 170 00:17:29,020 --> 00:17:30,658 In her castle in northern Hungary, 171 00:17:30,660 --> 00:17:33,333 she butchered nearly 600 young girls, 172 00:17:33,340 --> 00:17:36,730 bathing and showering in their blood, 173 00:17:36,740 --> 00:17:39,174 which she hoped would keep her eternally young 174 00:17:39,180 --> 00:17:42,138 and beautiful. 175 00:17:42,140 --> 00:17:46,179 Still standing in Vienna is her house on blutgasse, 176 00:17:46,180 --> 00:17:48,375 blood street, where she perpetrated 177 00:17:48,380 --> 00:17:50,689 many of her horrible deeds. 178 00:17:53,780 --> 00:17:56,772 Eventually, Elizabeth's monstrous crimes 179 00:17:56,780 --> 00:17:58,259 were discovered and she was 180 00:17:58,260 --> 00:18:00,899 walled into a cell in her castle. 181 00:18:00,900 --> 00:18:04,529 Here, she died 12 years later. 182 00:18:04,580 --> 00:18:07,538 Never again having seen the light of day. 183 00:18:10,180 --> 00:18:11,818 This traditional Romanian dance 184 00:18:11,820 --> 00:18:14,493 here performed by the national folklore ballet, 185 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:18,413 was once used to exercise evil spirits. 186 00:18:18,420 --> 00:18:20,775 The solo dancer was beaten with sticks 187 00:18:20,780 --> 00:18:23,010 and bitten by his fellow dancers 188 00:18:23,020 --> 00:18:25,932 in an attempt to frighten away the devil. 189 00:18:49,300 --> 00:18:53,418 In Romania, witchcraft, diabolism, and vampirism 190 00:18:53,420 --> 00:18:55,217 are all closely associated. 191 00:18:55,220 --> 00:18:58,132 For instance, the snake or dragon 192 00:18:58,140 --> 00:19:01,177 is an ancient symbol for the devil. 193 00:19:01,180 --> 00:19:04,456 Dracul in Romanian, which frequently appears 194 00:19:04,460 --> 00:19:06,815 in Romanian paintings and literature. 195 00:19:08,820 --> 00:19:10,731 The legend of Saint George and the dragon 196 00:19:10,740 --> 00:19:13,413 is very reminiscent of both vlad's impalings 197 00:19:13,420 --> 00:19:16,776 and the killings of vampires with stakes. 198 00:19:16,780 --> 00:19:18,896 Vampires are also said to be most active 199 00:19:18,900 --> 00:19:22,176 between the Eve's of Saint Andrew and Saint George, 200 00:19:22,180 --> 00:19:23,898 a superstition which is closely tied 201 00:19:23,900 --> 00:19:27,017 fo the Greek orthodox religion. 202 00:19:38,100 --> 00:19:40,375 The Greek orthodox church has often unjustly 203 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:43,372 been credited with originating the vampire concept, 204 00:19:43,380 --> 00:19:46,213 however, the Greek church has always leaned towards 205 00:19:46,220 --> 00:19:48,893 mysticism and attached great importance to complicated 206 00:19:48,900 --> 00:19:51,573 rituals in the worship of saints and icons, 207 00:19:51,580 --> 00:19:54,890 thus creating a hotbed for all sorts of superstitions. 208 00:19:54,900 --> 00:19:57,653 Vampire belief may sometimes have been used by the church 209 00:19:57,700 --> 00:19:59,656 to increase its hold on the people. 210 00:19:59,660 --> 00:20:02,458 In much the same way as the Jews believe in witchcraft. 211 00:20:04,660 --> 00:20:06,855 For centuries, the Greek orthodox church 212 00:20:06,860 --> 00:20:08,930 taught that the bodies of those excommunicated 213 00:20:08,940 --> 00:20:11,613 would not decompose in the grave. 214 00:20:11,620 --> 00:20:14,009 As vampires, according to popular belief, 215 00:20:14,020 --> 00:20:15,658 were recognizable because their bodies 216 00:20:15,660 --> 00:20:17,491 did not decompose in the grave, 217 00:20:17,500 --> 00:20:21,573 excommunication meant becoming a vampire on death. 218 00:20:52,620 --> 00:20:56,579 The church claimed that if a priest administered exorcism, 219 00:20:56,580 --> 00:21:00,175 this was sufficient to seal the vampire in its grave. 220 00:21:00,180 --> 00:21:02,569 However, history shows that most people 221 00:21:02,580 --> 00:21:06,255 did not trust the power of the church over vampires. 222 00:21:12,020 --> 00:21:15,251 The drinking of blood and sacrificial blood offerings 223 00:21:15,260 --> 00:21:18,889 have played an important role in most great religions. 224 00:21:18,900 --> 00:21:21,494 For thousands of years, man has endowed blood 225 00:21:21,500 --> 00:21:25,015 with magical powers such as, that drinking the blood 226 00:21:25,020 --> 00:21:27,056 of someone of great strength 227 00:21:27,060 --> 00:21:29,574 increases ones own strength. 228 00:21:31,340 --> 00:21:34,412 During mass, priest drinks wine, 229 00:21:34,420 --> 00:21:35,853 which has become the blood of Christ 230 00:21:35,860 --> 00:21:37,737 through transubstantiation 231 00:21:37,740 --> 00:21:40,732 and the congregation eats the bread or flesh of Christ 232 00:21:40,740 --> 00:21:43,937 to has thus sacrificed to god anew 233 00:21:43,940 --> 00:21:46,613 the gospel according to Saint John holds a passage 234 00:21:46,620 --> 00:21:48,975 which could well apply to the vampire mixing its blood 235 00:21:48,980 --> 00:21:50,732 with that of its victim. 236 00:21:50,780 --> 00:21:53,658 "Except ye eat flesh to the son of man 237 00:21:53,660 --> 00:21:57,539 and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. 238 00:21:57,540 --> 00:22:00,771 So eat my flesh and drinkith my blood 239 00:22:00,820 --> 00:22:05,371 hath eternal life and I will raise him up on the last day.” 240 00:22:09,860 --> 00:22:12,693 The vampire bat has many things in common 241 00:22:12,700 --> 00:22:15,294 with its human counterpart. 242 00:22:15,300 --> 00:22:18,258 An erect head, web-like hands for wings, 243 00:22:18,260 --> 00:22:21,616 and the ability to walk upright. 244 00:22:26,380 --> 00:22:29,258 A bite from its extremely sharp teeth 245 00:22:29,260 --> 00:22:31,728 has an anesthetic quality and its saliva 246 00:22:31,740 --> 00:22:33,617 contains an anticoagulant 247 00:22:33,620 --> 00:22:35,656 which quickens the flow of blood from the wounds 248 00:22:35,660 --> 00:22:39,619 it inflicts on its victims. 249 00:22:39,620 --> 00:22:42,179 The attack of the vampire bat 250 00:22:42,180 --> 00:22:44,819 is very like that of the folklore vampire. 251 00:22:44,820 --> 00:22:48,779 It first stalks and hypnotizes its prey, 252 00:22:48,780 --> 00:22:51,977 after which, it bites into a vein 253 00:22:51,980 --> 00:22:54,175 and begins to lap up blood 254 00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:56,899 with its long tongue. 255 00:24:22,060 --> 00:24:24,335 At sundown, creatures of the night 256 00:24:24,340 --> 00:24:28,572 are thought to stir and vampires rise from the grave. 257 00:24:28,580 --> 00:24:31,253 People must be careful in passing low ruins, 258 00:24:31,260 --> 00:24:34,377 crossroads, and churchyards. 259 00:24:41,540 --> 00:24:45,055 The erotic element in vampirism is very strong, 260 00:24:45,060 --> 00:24:48,450 for instance, a vampire is said to be the only night creature 261 00:24:48,460 --> 00:24:51,930 capable of sex, although his children are born 262 00:24:51,940 --> 00:24:54,499 without bones. 263 00:24:54,500 --> 00:24:56,411 He usually chooses one particular woman, 264 00:24:56,420 --> 00:24:58,934 in a specific locality to be his bride 265 00:24:58,980 --> 00:25:00,811 and relentlessly pursues her 266 00:25:00,820 --> 00:25:04,290 in a kind of macabre courtship. 267 00:25:04,300 --> 00:25:05,938 He may attack others, 268 00:25:05,940 --> 00:25:09,330 but if he is denied his chosen loved one, 269 00:25:09,340 --> 00:25:12,889 he may go berserk and wreak havoc. 270 00:28:55,260 --> 00:28:58,332 In former times, the report of a vampire attack 271 00:28:58,340 --> 00:29:01,173 created panic, everyone took immediate precautions 272 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:03,250 to protect themselves, especially during the hours 273 00:29:03,260 --> 00:29:06,935 between sundown and sunrise. 274 00:29:06,940 --> 00:29:08,931 Bells were rung to sound the alarm 275 00:29:08,940 --> 00:29:11,534 and were thought to frighten vampires away. 276 00:29:11,540 --> 00:29:14,213 People shut themselves tightly indoors. 277 00:29:14,260 --> 00:29:17,297 Many left the countryside to seek shelter in towns, 278 00:29:17,300 --> 00:29:19,689 and Shepherds drove their flocks to safety, 279 00:29:19,700 --> 00:29:23,090 as vampires might attack sheep as well as humans. 280 00:29:25,820 --> 00:29:29,017 At night, torches were lit outside 281 00:29:29,020 --> 00:29:32,774 and many candles were kept burning inside. 282 00:29:32,780 --> 00:29:36,090 People sat up until cockcrow and told stories 283 00:29:36,100 --> 00:29:38,011 for when stories are told, 284 00:29:38,020 --> 00:29:40,170 vampires cannot approach. 285 00:29:44,300 --> 00:29:46,530 In some areas, vampires were thought to be unable 286 00:29:46,540 --> 00:29:49,498 to cross running water and throughout transylvania 287 00:29:49,500 --> 00:29:52,810 garlic was an extremely potent weapon. 288 00:29:52,820 --> 00:29:55,379 Windows and doors were anointed with this garlic 289 00:29:55,380 --> 00:29:57,848 and all cows and other farm animals were supposed to 290 00:29:57,860 --> 00:30:00,613 be rubbed with it to protect them as well. 291 00:30:07,740 --> 00:30:11,779 The thorns of wild roses were sure to keep vampires away, 292 00:30:11,780 --> 00:30:15,170 thus thorns or Poppy seeds were spread on the paths 293 00:30:15,180 --> 00:30:17,739 leading from the local churchyard to the village. 294 00:30:17,740 --> 00:30:19,537 When the vampire took the path, 295 00:30:19,540 --> 00:30:24,056 he had to stop to pick up every one of the thorns or seeds. 296 00:30:24,060 --> 00:30:26,779 This so delayed him as he could not reach the village 297 00:30:26,780 --> 00:30:30,898 before sunrise, at which time he had to return to the grave. 298 00:30:33,140 --> 00:30:35,859 Large black dogs with an extra set of eyes 299 00:30:35,860 --> 00:30:39,569 painted on them in white, also discouraged vampires. 300 00:30:44,980 --> 00:30:48,211 The church added the cross and the communion wafer 301 00:30:48,220 --> 00:30:51,496 as major weapons against vampires. 302 00:31:30,860 --> 00:31:33,977 As soon as a vampire began to ravage an area, 303 00:31:33,980 --> 00:31:36,813 an all out effort was made to find it in its grave 304 00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:38,253 and destroy it. 305 00:31:38,260 --> 00:31:40,216 One common method of locating the vampire 306 00:31:40,220 --> 00:31:43,178 was to chose a boy or girl, young enough to be a virgin 307 00:31:43,180 --> 00:31:46,013 and seat them naked on a horse of a solid color, 308 00:31:46,020 --> 00:31:49,569 which was also a virgin and it never stumbled. 309 00:31:49,580 --> 00:31:51,298 The horse was lead through the cemetery 310 00:31:51,300 --> 00:31:53,768 and over all the graves recognizable 311 00:31:53,780 --> 00:31:57,011 from one or several holes big enough, 312 00:31:57,020 --> 00:31:59,488 the vampires tomb was also supposed to be 313 00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:02,253 for a servant to pass though. 314 00:32:25,500 --> 00:32:27,855 The most usual way of killing a vampire 315 00:32:27,860 --> 00:32:30,090 was to drive a stake though the heart or navel 316 00:32:30,100 --> 00:32:33,331 during daylight hours, when the vampire lay in its grave. 317 00:32:33,340 --> 00:32:36,013 The stake had to be made from a wild rosebush, 318 00:32:36,020 --> 00:32:38,659 an ash, or Aspen tree. 319 00:32:38,660 --> 00:32:42,414 In some areas, iron bars, preferably heated red-hot, 320 00:32:42,420 --> 00:32:44,490 were used instead of wood. 321 00:33:07,100 --> 00:33:09,568 The stake had to be driven though the body 322 00:33:09,580 --> 00:33:11,810 and into the ground under the corpse 323 00:33:11,820 --> 00:33:14,892 fo keep the vampire from rising again. 324 00:33:14,900 --> 00:33:18,290 As the stake pierced it, the body twisted in agony 325 00:33:18,300 --> 00:33:20,939 and fresh blood flowed, a horrible scream 326 00:33:20,940 --> 00:33:22,771 also accompanied the act, 327 00:33:22,780 --> 00:33:27,456 after which a look of peace settled on the vampire's face, 328 00:33:27,500 --> 00:33:31,209 final release of torment and real death. 329 00:33:34,260 --> 00:33:36,774 Ah! 330 00:33:47,180 --> 00:33:49,774 Many other means of killing vampires were practiced. 331 00:33:49,780 --> 00:33:51,577 The vampire's head was sometimes cut off 332 00:33:51,580 --> 00:33:53,298 and put between the legs of the corpse, 333 00:33:53,300 --> 00:33:55,495 or the body could be buried at crossroads, 334 00:34:32,300 --> 00:34:34,177 According to Romanian legend, 335 00:34:34,180 --> 00:34:36,899 if a vampire is not found and rendered harmless, 336 00:34:36,900 --> 00:34:39,858 it first kills all members of its immediate family 337 00:34:39,860 --> 00:34:43,091 and then the other inhabitants of the village. 338 00:34:43,100 --> 00:34:45,614 At last, the vampire climbs up 339 00:34:45,620 --> 00:34:47,531 into the belfry of the church 340 00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:50,333 and calls out the names of any survivors 341 00:34:50,340 --> 00:34:52,490 who instantly die. 342 00:34:52,500 --> 00:34:56,413 Or in some areas, the vampire rings the death knell 343 00:34:56,420 --> 00:34:58,809 and all who hear it die on the spot. 344 00:35:39,740 --> 00:35:42,652 Inevitably, the folkloric vampire of eastern Europe 345 00:35:42,660 --> 00:35:45,128 began to disappear in modern times, 346 00:35:45,140 --> 00:35:48,371 but in 1964, Dr. Robert mccully 347 00:35:48,380 --> 00:35:51,213 of the medical university of south Carolina 348 00:35:51,220 --> 00:35:54,690 published the only authentic psychological case study 349 00:35:54,700 --> 00:35:58,329 of a person showing vampire traits. 350 00:35:58,340 --> 00:36:00,570 The subject was bill, a young, 351 00:36:00,580 --> 00:36:03,048 unmarried, white male American. 352 00:36:03,060 --> 00:36:07,053 He displayed the essential vampire characteristics. 353 00:36:07,060 --> 00:36:09,972 He was clearly aware of bearing eternal curse, 354 00:36:09,980 --> 00:36:12,892 the ever constant desire for life and renewal, 355 00:36:12,900 --> 00:36:15,619 coupled with a horrible wish to destroy human beings 356 00:36:15,660 --> 00:36:19,289 in order to maintain his own existence. 357 00:36:19,300 --> 00:36:22,736 Bill performed acts of vampirism on himself, 358 00:36:22,740 --> 00:36:25,493 that is, he drank his own blood. 359 00:37:18,140 --> 00:37:20,779 The vampire's always been a creature of nightmares, 360 00:37:20,780 --> 00:37:23,578 the nocturnal spirit who embraces the sleeper 361 00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:25,536 to suck his blood. 362 00:37:25,540 --> 00:37:28,771 Bill frequented reported dreams of bloodletting 363 00:37:28,780 --> 00:37:31,817 and felt anxiety upon awakening. 364 00:37:38,260 --> 00:37:41,411 Sometimes these dreams were filled with a sense of peace 365 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:43,615 and being loved by someone, 366 00:37:43,620 --> 00:37:46,418 but sometimes bill felt that he had subdued someone 367 00:37:46,420 --> 00:37:48,729 who had attacked him. 368 00:37:51,020 --> 00:37:53,056 He often dreamed of sucking blood 369 00:37:53,060 --> 00:37:56,530 from the necks of young boys. 370 00:37:56,540 --> 00:37:59,293 Bill spent most of his time wandering about alone 371 00:37:59,300 --> 00:38:02,895 and constantly suffered from an unexplained cycle. 372 00:38:02,900 --> 00:38:04,811 Four days of elation, 373 00:38:04,820 --> 00:38:08,096 followed by twelve days of depression, 374 00:38:08,100 --> 00:38:10,136 his deepest depression coincided 375 00:38:10,140 --> 00:38:13,212 with the appearance of the full moon. 376 00:38:15,140 --> 00:38:18,735 Bills case defies conventional psychology. 377 00:38:18,740 --> 00:38:21,174 He had no knowledge of the vampire myth. 378 00:38:21,180 --> 00:38:23,535 However, his earliest childhood memories 379 00:38:23,540 --> 00:38:25,531 were strangely significant. 380 00:38:25,540 --> 00:38:28,850 At the age of seven, he saw a dog hit by a car, 381 00:38:28,860 --> 00:38:31,897 lying in a dark pool of blood in the street. 382 00:38:36,820 --> 00:38:39,095 He also recalls that after a walk in the park 383 00:38:39,100 --> 00:38:40,897 together with his nurse, 384 00:38:40,900 --> 00:38:43,972 she placed his warm hands on her cold neck. 385 00:38:46,060 --> 00:38:49,769 Extensive psychological testing showed bill to be intelligent, 386 00:38:49,820 --> 00:38:52,493 but emotionally very immature. 387 00:38:52,500 --> 00:38:56,015 However, nothing directly pathological was established, 388 00:38:56,020 --> 00:38:59,092 except possibly, a fascination with blood 389 00:38:59,100 --> 00:39:01,773 and the mystical. 390 00:39:01,780 --> 00:39:04,658 Bill's interpretation of the rorschach cards 391 00:39:04,660 --> 00:39:07,128 was very revealing. 392 00:39:07,140 --> 00:39:08,698 The lower part of the anatomy 393 00:39:08,700 --> 00:39:11,214 of some large animal, 394 00:39:11,220 --> 00:39:12,733 part of a living thing, 395 00:39:12,740 --> 00:39:15,812 or once part of a living thing. 396 00:39:15,820 --> 00:39:19,415 The red could be blood that came from it, 397 00:39:19,420 --> 00:39:22,332 ripped out of a dissected corpse. 398 00:39:22,340 --> 00:39:25,776 On second look, the red seems like a fluid, 399 00:39:25,780 --> 00:39:29,170 draining symmetrically. 400 00:39:29,180 --> 00:39:32,490 Dr. mccully reasons that bill may not have been mentally ill 401 00:39:32,500 --> 00:39:36,175 in the usual sense and offers a startling theory, 402 00:39:36,180 --> 00:39:38,535 that the ancient vampire image may be one 403 00:39:38,540 --> 00:39:40,815 of the primitive archetypes 404 00:39:40,820 --> 00:39:43,459 suggested by Dr. Carl jung. 405 00:39:43,460 --> 00:39:46,452 Concepts which supposedly govern our thoughts 406 00:39:46,460 --> 00:39:50,248 hidden deep within everybody's unconscious mind. 407 00:39:50,260 --> 00:39:52,979 Mccully speculates that the vampire archetype 408 00:39:52,980 --> 00:39:55,335 may have mysteriously risen from the unconscious 409 00:39:55,340 --> 00:39:57,456 and taken possession of bill, 410 00:39:57,460 --> 00:39:58,939 of that in the same way, 411 00:39:58,940 --> 00:40:00,771 all of us might have the potential 412 00:40:00,780 --> 00:40:03,248 fo become vampires. 413 00:40:03,260 --> 00:40:06,775 How happy this would have made count Dracula. 414 00:40:06,780 --> 00:40:10,659 In criminology, the living-vampire is not uncommon. 415 00:40:10,660 --> 00:40:13,254 The term refers to the sadistic sex murderer, 416 00:40:13,260 --> 00:40:16,377 mostly male, bites or cuts the throats 417 00:40:16,380 --> 00:40:19,338 of his victims and drinks their blood. 418 00:40:19,340 --> 00:40:22,457 One famous example is Peter kiirten 419 00:40:22,460 --> 00:40:24,337 the vampire of disseldorf 420 00:40:24,340 --> 00:40:28,458 who directly inspired Fritz lang's famous film m. 421 00:40:28,460 --> 00:40:31,497 Kiirten was executed in 1931 422 00:40:31,500 --> 00:40:34,333 for 29 murders. 423 00:40:34,340 --> 00:40:37,013 In the daytime, he was a hardworking lorry driver 424 00:40:37,020 --> 00:40:38,533 and considerate husband, 425 00:40:38,540 --> 00:40:41,816 but at night, he became a vampire. 426 00:40:51,580 --> 00:40:53,571 He wrote to the mother of one of his victims, 427 00:40:53,580 --> 00:40:56,299 five-year-old girl, 428 00:40:56,300 --> 00:40:59,337 "what do you want me to do, madame? 429 00:40:59,340 --> 00:41:02,616 I need blood as others need alcohol.” 430 00:41:05,260 --> 00:41:07,615 John haigh, the vampire of London, 431 00:41:07,620 --> 00:41:09,576 writes in his confession 432 00:41:09,580 --> 00:41:11,730 that his thirst for blood was awakened 433 00:41:11,740 --> 00:41:14,334 when he cut his finger as a small boy 434 00:41:14,340 --> 00:41:16,217 and licked the wound. 435 00:41:16,220 --> 00:41:18,529 The feeling of lust, he then experienced, 436 00:41:18,540 --> 00:41:20,451 changed his whole nature. 437 00:41:20,460 --> 00:41:22,928 He said, "I then realized that I belong 438 00:41:22,940 --> 00:41:25,499 to the species of vampires.” 439 00:41:25,500 --> 00:41:27,456 He killed nine people, 440 00:41:27,460 --> 00:41:30,179 slitting their throats and drinking their blood 441 00:41:30,180 --> 00:41:34,059 directly from the wounds. 442 00:41:34,060 --> 00:41:35,937 Modern criminologists may well term 443 00:41:35,980 --> 00:41:40,451 the 18th century prince, vlad tepes Dracula 444 00:41:40,460 --> 00:41:44,738 a living vampire. 445 00:41:44,740 --> 00:41:46,378 This dreaded Romanian prince, 446 00:41:46,380 --> 00:41:48,496 described in contemporary pamphlets as, 447 00:41:48,500 --> 00:41:50,934 "a monster of tyrannical cruelty,” 448 00:41:50,940 --> 00:41:55,058 inspired bram stoker to create his character, count Dracula. 449 00:42:02,460 --> 00:42:06,294 The prince was best known as, "te 0 e s, ” 450 00:42:06,300 --> 00:42:08,859 which means, "impaler," 451 00:42:08,860 --> 00:42:10,293 because of his fondness for that form 452 00:42:10,300 --> 00:42:12,894 of torture and execution. 453 00:42:12,900 --> 00:42:17,132 However, he was also known as, "Dracula," 454 00:42:17,140 --> 00:42:18,971 which, in Romanian, can mean 455 00:42:19,020 --> 00:42:22,057 either, "son of the devil," 456 00:42:22,060 --> 00:42:25,018 or, "son of the dragon.” 457 00:42:27,900 --> 00:42:29,413 Stoker simply drew upon 458 00:42:29,420 --> 00:42:31,570 the rich Romanian vampire tradition 459 00:42:31,580 --> 00:42:35,289 in resurrecting vlad as count Dracula. 460 00:42:35,300 --> 00:42:37,689 The count, as described in the novel, 461 00:42:37,700 --> 00:42:41,659 closely resembles various 15th century portraits of vlad. 462 00:42:41,660 --> 00:42:45,938 Stoker writes, "his face was a strong aquiline 463 00:42:45,940 --> 00:42:48,010 with a thin, high-bridged nose 464 00:42:48,020 --> 00:42:51,092 and peculiarly arched nostrils. 465 00:42:51,100 --> 00:42:55,013 His eyebrows were very massive, almost meeting over the nose, 466 00:42:55,060 --> 00:42:59,531 and with bushy hair that seemed to curl in its own profusion. 467 00:42:59,540 --> 00:43:03,010 The mouth, so far as I could see it under 468 00:43:03,060 --> 00:43:06,496 the heavy moustache was fixed and rather cruel-looking." 469 00:43:10,420 --> 00:43:12,650 This painting of a martyrdom of St. Andrew 470 00:43:12,660 --> 00:43:14,776 from Dracula's own time 471 00:43:14,780 --> 00:43:17,294 includes him as an observer. 472 00:43:22,740 --> 00:43:25,049 As St. Andrew was the patron Saint of the saxons, 473 00:43:25,060 --> 00:43:26,573 vlad may have been shown 474 00:43:26,580 --> 00:43:29,458 because of his reputed cruelty towards saxons. 475 00:43:29,460 --> 00:43:32,816 But, in Romania, St. Andrew is also said to be 476 00:43:32,820 --> 00:43:34,936 a protector of vampires. 477 00:43:41,060 --> 00:43:44,291 The only existing life-sized portrait of vlad 478 00:43:44,300 --> 00:43:48,088 is located at ambras castle near innsbruck, Austria. 479 00:43:50,940 --> 00:43:53,170 Archduke ferdinand ii who owned the castle 480 00:43:53,180 --> 00:43:54,898 during the 16th century 481 00:43:54,900 --> 00:43:57,812 had a perverse hobby of documenting the villains 482 00:43:57,820 --> 00:44:01,290 and deformed personalities of history. 483 00:44:01,300 --> 00:44:03,655 If such persons could be found alive, 484 00:44:03,660 --> 00:44:06,652 the archduke tried to settle them in the castle. 485 00:44:06,660 --> 00:44:09,652 A few giants, a notorious dwarf, 486 00:44:09,660 --> 00:44:11,969 and the wolf man from the canary islands 487 00:44:11,980 --> 00:44:14,255 stayed on at ambras castle for some years 488 00:44:14,260 --> 00:44:17,093 in order to have their portraits painted. 489 00:44:17,100 --> 00:44:19,819 The wolf man had a hormal wife 490 00:44:19,820 --> 00:44:22,334 but his two children inherited his hairy skin 491 00:44:22,340 --> 00:44:24,137 and devilish countenance. 492 00:44:32,540 --> 00:44:35,134 Ferdinand's gallery of rogues and monsters 493 00:44:35,140 --> 00:44:37,256 contains many grisly studies. 494 00:44:42,740 --> 00:44:45,652 Dracula's reputation as a mass murderer 495 00:44:45,660 --> 00:44:50,290 ensured his place in the archduke's collection. 496 00:44:50,300 --> 00:44:53,451 Vlad Dracula's birthplace in transylvania 497 00:44:53,460 --> 00:44:57,089 is the old German fortified town of sighisoara, 498 00:44:57,100 --> 00:44:59,739 south of bistrita. 499 00:44:59,740 --> 00:45:01,810 The house in which viad was born 500 00:45:01,820 --> 00:45:04,778 bears a plaque identifying his father, 501 00:45:04,780 --> 00:45:09,535 vlad dracul, the devil, prince of wallachia. 502 00:45:12,140 --> 00:45:15,450 Some historians consider vlad Dracula a hero, 503 00:45:15,460 --> 00:45:17,576 who fought for christianity and the independence 504 00:45:17,580 --> 00:45:19,491 of his country against the turks. 505 00:45:19,500 --> 00:45:22,014 Others claim he was a madman who killed 506 00:45:22,020 --> 00:45:25,171 and tortured wantonly for sadistic pleasure. 507 00:45:28,700 --> 00:45:30,850 Dracula may not have been more cruel 508 00:45:30,860 --> 00:45:32,896 than many other rulers of the 15th century, 509 00:45:32,900 --> 00:45:35,130 such as Mohammed il of Turkey, 510 00:45:35,140 --> 00:45:38,291 Ivan the terrible, or cesare borgia. 511 00:45:38,300 --> 00:45:43,169 But, his executions were much greater in number. 512 00:45:43,180 --> 00:45:45,535 In creating count Dracula, 513 00:45:45,540 --> 00:45:47,656 stoker may have been struck by the similarity 514 00:45:47,660 --> 00:45:50,618 between viad's impalings and the killing of vampires 515 00:45:50,620 --> 00:45:52,895 by driving stakes through their bodies. 516 00:45:56,420 --> 00:45:59,059 Impalement was a fairly rare form of execution 517 00:45:59,060 --> 00:46:04,054 and vlad was one of the few rulers to use it. 518 00:46:04,380 --> 00:46:07,531 Horses were usually employed to pull a victim onto a stake 519 00:46:07,540 --> 00:46:10,213 so that it pierced the length of the body. 520 00:46:13,140 --> 00:46:15,210 And the victim left to die, 521 00:46:15,220 --> 00:46:17,450 which sometimes took agonizing hours, 522 00:46:17,460 --> 00:46:20,213 or even days. 523 00:46:20,260 --> 00:46:22,819 Dracula's best known mass impalement 524 00:46:22,820 --> 00:46:24,936 took place in 1459, 525 00:46:24,940 --> 00:46:28,216 on tampa hill, above brasov. 526 00:46:28,220 --> 00:46:30,973 Here Dracula and his boyars 527 00:46:30,980 --> 00:46:33,050 feasted for a whole month, 528 00:46:33,060 --> 00:46:35,779 while thousands of saxons were methodically impaled 529 00:46:35,780 --> 00:46:38,931 on neat rows of stakes around them. 530 00:46:38,940 --> 00:46:41,499 This contemporary German woodcut 531 00:46:41,500 --> 00:46:44,458 depicts the scene. 532 00:46:44,460 --> 00:46:47,179 It is said that Dracula's chief pleasure 533 00:46:47,180 --> 00:46:49,250 was to dine with his court 534 00:46:49,260 --> 00:46:54,129 surrounded by dead and dying people impaled on stakes. 535 00:46:54,140 --> 00:46:56,938 Once, a certain nobleman was supposed to have complained 536 00:46:56,940 --> 00:46:58,612 that he could not enjoy his meal 537 00:46:58,620 --> 00:47:00,690 because of the stench of rotting corpses 538 00:47:00,700 --> 00:47:02,691 surrounding the table. 539 00:47:02,700 --> 00:47:05,897 Dracula thereupon had the nobleman impaled 540 00:47:05,900 --> 00:47:08,255 on a much higher stake than the others, 541 00:47:08,260 --> 00:47:11,013 so that he would be above the stench. 542 00:47:20,660 --> 00:47:23,891 Countless such tales about Dracula's bloody deeds 543 00:47:23,900 --> 00:47:25,538 and macabre sense of humor 544 00:47:25,540 --> 00:47:27,849 persist to this day in transylvania. 545 00:47:27,860 --> 00:47:30,738 Most of them portray him as merciless, 546 00:47:30,740 --> 00:47:34,255 yet possessed of a strange sense of justice 547 00:47:34,260 --> 00:47:37,809 and tragic destiny, much like count Dracula. 548 00:47:43,300 --> 00:47:46,019 According to legend, a Hungarian merchant 549 00:47:46,020 --> 00:47:48,614 once came to viad's city. 550 00:47:48,620 --> 00:47:52,693 While he slept, someone stole 160 gold ducats from him. 551 00:47:55,460 --> 00:47:58,452 The merchant went to Dracula and told him of his loss. 552 00:47:58,460 --> 00:48:00,769 Dracula said, "go your way 553 00:48:00,780 --> 00:48:03,852 and in the morning you will find your gold." 554 00:48:03,860 --> 00:48:06,454 He then commanded that a search be made for the gold 555 00:48:06,460 --> 00:48:08,849 throughout the city and said that if the thief was not found 556 00:48:08,860 --> 00:48:11,328 he would burn the entire town. 557 00:48:16,980 --> 00:48:18,493 When the merchant arose next morning, 558 00:48:18,500 --> 00:48:20,616 he found his money returned. 559 00:48:20,620 --> 00:48:23,418 He counted it once, and then twice. 560 00:48:23,420 --> 00:48:27,299 There was one ducat too many. 561 00:48:27,300 --> 00:48:29,336 The merchant went again to Dracula and said, 562 00:48:29,380 --> 00:48:31,894 "my lord, I have found the gold, 563 00:48:31,900 --> 00:48:34,812 but there is one ducat more which is not mine." 564 00:48:34,820 --> 00:48:37,493 Dracula then revealed that he had ordered the extra ducat 565 00:48:37,500 --> 00:48:39,491 placed there and said that 566 00:48:39,500 --> 00:48:41,456 if the merchant had not told him about it, 567 00:48:41,460 --> 00:48:43,974 he would have impaled him with the thief. 568 00:48:46,140 --> 00:48:48,734 The merchant was very grateful to Dracula 569 00:48:48,740 --> 00:48:51,698 and took his cart and left the city. 570 00:48:57,700 --> 00:49:00,897 Though Dracula showed a certain kindness to the merchant, 571 00:49:00,900 --> 00:49:03,209 he is said to have solved the problem of poverty 572 00:49:03,220 --> 00:49:06,656 in his kingdom by inviting all poor people and beggars 573 00:49:06,660 --> 00:49:09,857 to a great banquet, and then, 574 00:49:09,860 --> 00:49:12,738 setting fire to the hall. 575 00:49:12,740 --> 00:49:15,652 Everyone inside was burned alive. 576 00:49:21,500 --> 00:49:23,058 In a particular place, 577 00:49:23,060 --> 00:49:25,210 there was a spring of cold, fresh water 578 00:49:25,220 --> 00:49:27,370 and many came to drink. 579 00:49:27,380 --> 00:49:31,817 Dracula placed a large, fine, golden cup by the spring. 580 00:49:31,820 --> 00:49:35,256 All who drank from the cup returned it to its place, 581 00:49:35,260 --> 00:49:39,856 and while vlad Dracula lived, no one dared steal it. 582 00:49:44,980 --> 00:49:46,777 Dracula had a peasant mistress 583 00:49:46,780 --> 00:49:50,853 who lived in a poor, outlying part of targoviste. 584 00:49:50,860 --> 00:49:52,578 He visited her often, 585 00:49:52,580 --> 00:49:54,616 but his interest was purely physical. 586 00:49:54,620 --> 00:49:57,453 The woman, on the other hand, fell in love with Dracula 587 00:49:57,460 --> 00:50:00,099 and grew afraid of losing him. 588 00:50:00,100 --> 00:50:04,059 One night she told him that she was going to have his child. 589 00:50:04,060 --> 00:50:08,212 Dracula became angry and said that this would not be. 590 00:50:08,220 --> 00:50:12,611 He then cut her open from her loins to her breast and said, 591 00:50:12,620 --> 00:50:16,613 "let the world see where I have been and where my fruit lay." 592 00:50:34,140 --> 00:50:36,734 Bram stoker did not know that a real 593 00:50:36,740 --> 00:50:39,493 castle Dracula existed. 594 00:50:39,500 --> 00:50:41,570 But his description of the count's castle 595 00:50:41,580 --> 00:50:45,698 at the borgo pass is uncannily apt. 596 00:50:45,700 --> 00:50:49,659 The real castle Dracula is perched on top of a rock 597 00:50:49,660 --> 00:50:53,494 1,000 feet above the arges river in wallachia. 598 00:50:53,500 --> 00:50:56,537 It is nearly inaccessible from the valley. 599 00:50:58,140 --> 00:50:59,971 The original fortress was very old, 600 00:50:59,980 --> 00:51:02,335 but vlad rebuilt it when he came to power. 601 00:51:02,340 --> 00:51:04,410 And, ever since, it has been known as the castle 602 00:51:04,420 --> 00:51:08,015 of vlad tepes, viad the impaler. 603 00:51:18,260 --> 00:51:21,969 Reconstruction of the castle was a nearly super human feat, 604 00:51:21,980 --> 00:51:25,814 accomplished in typical Dracula fashion. 605 00:51:25,820 --> 00:51:28,698 One of vlad's brothers, mircea, 606 00:51:28,700 --> 00:51:31,453 had been killed by the boyars of tirgoviste. 607 00:51:31,460 --> 00:51:33,451 It is said that Dracula retaliated 608 00:51:33,460 --> 00:51:36,258 by seizing the boyars during the easter celebrations 609 00:51:36,260 --> 00:51:40,412 when they were all dressed in their finest clothes. 610 00:51:40,420 --> 00:51:43,969 He impaled the old people and put the younger people, 611 00:51:43,980 --> 00:51:48,292 men, women, and children, to work rebuilding the castle. 612 00:51:48,300 --> 00:51:50,131 They are supposed to have labored 613 00:51:50,140 --> 00:51:54,531 until their clothes became rags and dropped off their backs. 614 00:51:54,540 --> 00:51:58,249 Many died from over-work and fell from the cliffs. 615 00:51:58,260 --> 00:52:02,333 But the caste was finished within a few months. 616 00:52:07,820 --> 00:52:11,449 Dracula's reign was dominated by his confrontation 617 00:52:11,460 --> 00:52:13,451 with Mohammed the conqueror of Turkey. 618 00:52:15,540 --> 00:52:19,658 By 1461, vlad had achieved sufficient power 619 00:52:19,660 --> 00:52:24,097 fo plan an all out campaign to rid Romania of the turks. 620 00:52:24,100 --> 00:52:26,773 The sultan became aware of his ambitions 621 00:52:26,780 --> 00:52:30,011 and sent envoys to negotiate a truce with him. 622 00:52:30,020 --> 00:52:32,409 However, they had secret instructions 623 00:52:32,420 --> 00:52:34,217 fo lure vlad into a trap 624 00:52:34,220 --> 00:52:38,008 where he would be seized by turkish troops. 625 00:52:38,020 --> 00:52:39,931 The story goes that when the emissaries refused 626 00:52:39,940 --> 00:52:42,773 fo remove their turbans in vlad's presence, 627 00:52:42,780 --> 00:52:44,771 as it was against their custom, 628 00:52:44,780 --> 00:52:47,453 he ordered the turbans nailed to their heads 629 00:52:47,460 --> 00:52:49,610 and sent them away saying that the turks 630 00:52:49,620 --> 00:52:53,613 must learn to respect the customs of a great leader. 631 00:52:58,540 --> 00:53:02,135 History records only that vlad sensed treachery 632 00:53:02,140 --> 00:53:05,052 and captured the entire turkish force. 633 00:53:05,060 --> 00:53:07,494 He impaled them oh a forest of stakes 634 00:53:07,500 --> 00:53:10,776 outside the walls of his capital, tirgoviste, 635 00:53:10,780 --> 00:53:14,375 placing the envoys on two stakes higher than the rest, 636 00:53:14,380 --> 00:53:17,611 in deference to their rank. 637 00:53:17,620 --> 00:53:19,451 He then launched his famous campaign 638 00:53:19,460 --> 00:53:21,735 along the danube river 639 00:53:21,740 --> 00:53:24,732 with a force of between 10 and 20,000 men, 640 00:53:24,740 --> 00:53:27,208 consisting mostly of rapid moving cavalry 641 00:53:27,220 --> 00:53:29,051 and peasant conscripts, 642 00:53:29,060 --> 00:53:32,894 vlad pushed all the way to the black sea. 643 00:53:32,900 --> 00:53:36,529 At first, vlad met with great success. 644 00:53:36,540 --> 00:53:39,099 After his capture of the fortress of giurgiu, 645 00:53:39,100 --> 00:53:41,056 he wrote to king Matthias of Hungary 646 00:53:41,060 --> 00:53:44,655 that 23,809 men 647 00:53:44,660 --> 00:53:48,653 had been slain and impaled. 648 00:53:48,700 --> 00:53:50,452 Vlad was certain with the figure, 649 00:53:50,460 --> 00:53:53,054 because their heads had been carefully counted, 650 00:53:55,900 --> 00:53:59,939 and whose heads, of course, could not be connected. 651 00:53:59,940 --> 00:54:02,408 During the famous night of terror, 652 00:54:02,420 --> 00:54:04,570 he boldly attacked the sultan's camp. 653 00:54:04,580 --> 00:54:06,536 However, his bodyguard read it 654 00:54:06,540 --> 00:54:10,419 and vlad was forced to retreat. 655 00:54:10,420 --> 00:54:12,809 The road to tirgoviste now lay open. 656 00:54:12,820 --> 00:54:15,050 But the turks were greeted by the grisly remains 657 00:54:16,980 --> 00:54:19,448 impaled by vlad the previous year 658 00:54:19,460 --> 00:54:23,294 and now blackened by the sun and half eaten by birds. 659 00:54:23,300 --> 00:54:26,133 The sultan was moved to tears and said, 660 00:54:26,140 --> 00:54:29,928 "what can we do with a man like this?" 661 00:54:29,940 --> 00:54:31,851 He ordered the retreat of his army 662 00:54:31,860 --> 00:54:35,057 but a small force in command of vlad's own brother, radu, 663 00:54:35,060 --> 00:54:37,893 was directed to pursue Dracula to his remote castle 664 00:54:37,900 --> 00:54:41,449 high in the mountains above the arges river. 665 00:54:41,460 --> 00:54:44,099 Radu laid siege to the fortress, during which, 666 00:54:44,100 --> 00:54:46,739 Dracula's wife despaired and took her own life 667 00:54:46,780 --> 00:54:48,259 by casting herself from a parapet 668 00:54:48,260 --> 00:54:50,820 to the arges river far below. 669 00:54:52,940 --> 00:54:55,090 Viad himself was forced to flee 670 00:54:55,100 --> 00:54:59,298 through a secret tunnel on a horse shod backwards 671 00:54:59,300 --> 00:55:01,052 to confuse pursuers. 672 00:55:03,500 --> 00:55:05,331 After escaping the turks by crossing 673 00:55:05,340 --> 00:55:08,616 the nearly impossible transylvanian alps, 674 00:55:08,620 --> 00:55:10,576 Dracula sought the protection of king Matthias 675 00:55:10,580 --> 00:55:12,935 at fagaras castle. 676 00:55:12,940 --> 00:55:14,931 Instead of granting vlad sanctuary, 677 00:55:14,940 --> 00:55:17,408 the king had him arrested. 678 00:55:17,420 --> 00:55:19,854 Little is known about Dracula's life of exile, 679 00:55:19,860 --> 00:55:23,091 but he, apparently, could not control his lust for blood. 680 00:55:23,100 --> 00:55:25,614 A Russian story relates that he used to catch mice 681 00:55:25,620 --> 00:55:27,019 and buy birds in the market 682 00:55:27,020 --> 00:55:28,339 and then torture and impale them 683 00:55:28,340 --> 00:55:30,899 oh rows of small stakes. 684 00:55:30,900 --> 00:55:34,449 In stoker's novel, count Dracula's mad helper, 685 00:55:34,460 --> 00:55:37,452 renfield, also took a sadistic pleasure 686 00:55:37,460 --> 00:55:41,055 in torturing small animals. 687 00:55:41,060 --> 00:55:43,130 Viad was a handsome man 688 00:55:43,140 --> 00:55:45,415 and his fabled power over women 689 00:55:45,420 --> 00:55:49,538 soon led to a romance with one of king Matthias's sisters. 690 00:55:49,540 --> 00:55:51,132 They were eventually married 691 00:55:51,140 --> 00:55:54,018 and Dracula regained his freedom. 692 00:55:54,020 --> 00:55:57,057 Viad did succeed in recapturing tirgoviste 693 00:55:57,060 --> 00:56:00,257 and the citadel of Bucharest from his brother, rad... 694 00:56:00,260 --> 00:56:03,093 But only two months after regaining the wallachian throne 695 00:56:03,100 --> 00:56:06,251 he was killed outside of Bucharest. 696 00:56:06,260 --> 00:56:08,296 He had disguised himself as a turkish soldier 697 00:56:08,300 --> 00:56:12,737 in order to obtain precise information about the enemy. 698 00:56:12,740 --> 00:56:15,379 His head was sent to Istanbul 699 00:56:15,380 --> 00:56:18,133 as a trophy for the sultan. 700 00:56:22,300 --> 00:56:25,337 Viad's headless body is said to have been found by monks 701 00:56:25,340 --> 00:56:28,332 from snagov monastery in the marshes near Bucharest, 702 00:56:28,340 --> 00:56:30,171 who secretly interred him in a crypt 703 00:56:30,180 --> 00:56:32,740 facing the chapel alter. 704 00:56:35,980 --> 00:56:39,859 In 1931, the tomb was opened, 705 00:56:39,900 --> 00:56:42,459 but the casket and body were missing. 706 00:56:42,460 --> 00:56:44,257 Later on, another grave was discovered 707 00:56:44,260 --> 00:56:46,649 near the front door to the chapel. 708 00:56:46,660 --> 00:56:49,618 It is possible that vlad's body was moved 709 00:56:49,620 --> 00:56:51,611 because the monks did not want to have someone 710 00:56:51,620 --> 00:56:55,579 of his sinister reputation buried close to the alter. 711 00:57:00,300 --> 00:57:02,734 A Romanian peasant belief holds 712 00:57:02,740 --> 00:57:06,210 that vlad Dracula will someday rise again 713 00:57:06,220 --> 00:57:09,690 to save the country in a time of great trouble. 714 00:57:09,700 --> 00:57:12,533 A well known Romanian poem goes, 715 00:57:12,540 --> 00:57:16,579 "Dracula, where are you now that we need you?" 716 00:57:21,620 --> 00:57:24,498 Eastern Europe, and particularly transylvania, 717 00:57:24,500 --> 00:57:26,968 has long been known to folklore experts 718 00:57:26,980 --> 00:57:29,448 and devotees of Dracula alike 719 00:57:29,460 --> 00:57:31,894 as the center of vampire belief. 720 00:57:31,940 --> 00:57:34,852 But the vampire in literature owes its fame almost entirely 721 00:57:34,860 --> 00:57:38,170 to the works of english and Irish authors. 722 00:57:38,180 --> 00:57:39,898 The most successful of these vampire tales 723 00:57:39,900 --> 00:57:42,368 were written during the 19th century. 724 00:57:42,380 --> 00:57:45,053 This was the age of gothic horror, 725 00:57:45,060 --> 00:57:47,893 and countless stories of the terrible and the unknown 726 00:57:47,900 --> 00:57:50,619 flooded the bookshops of england. 727 00:57:50,620 --> 00:57:53,498 Strangely enough, the two most famous 728 00:57:53,500 --> 00:57:57,652 literary and movie monsters were born at the same time, 729 00:57:57,660 --> 00:58:00,094 the undead vampire count 730 00:58:00,100 --> 00:58:03,410 and Dr. Frankenstein's living monster, 731 00:58:03,420 --> 00:58:05,695 fashioned from dead bodies. 732 00:58:10,140 --> 00:58:13,416 It happened in 1815 at the magnificent villa, 733 00:58:13,420 --> 00:58:18,335 diodati, on the shores of lake Geneva in Switzerland. 734 00:58:18,340 --> 00:58:22,379 Lord Byron, the leading literary figure of the century, 735 00:58:22,380 --> 00:58:24,291 was spending the summer there 736 00:58:24,300 --> 00:58:27,576 together with his 20-year-old physician, John polidori. 737 00:58:29,620 --> 00:58:34,330 Percy bysshe shelley and his 18-year-old wife-to-be, Mary, 738 00:58:34,340 --> 00:58:37,173 had rented a modest house nearby. 739 00:58:45,220 --> 00:58:47,051 According to Mary's diary, 740 00:58:47,060 --> 00:58:49,290 rainy evenings were spent round the fire 741 00:58:49,300 --> 00:58:52,417 at the villa diodati reading ghost stories 742 00:58:52,420 --> 00:58:56,174 and discussing the supernatural. 743 00:58:56,180 --> 00:58:59,172 One night, Byron suggested that they all write 744 00:58:59,180 --> 00:59:02,650 their own ghost stories. 745 00:59:02,660 --> 00:59:05,094 He himself never finished his. 746 00:59:05,100 --> 00:59:08,217 But, polidori, who also had literary ambitions, 747 00:59:08,220 --> 00:59:09,858 turned Byron's story info 748 00:59:09,860 --> 00:59:12,772 the first english vampire novel: 749 00:59:12,780 --> 00:59:17,535 The vampyre, published in 1816. 750 00:59:17,540 --> 00:59:21,738 His hero, lord ruthven, was the first in a long line 751 00:59:21,740 --> 00:59:26,734 of vampire counts culminating in stoker's, count Dracula. 752 00:59:27,420 --> 00:59:29,570 Polidori probably intended lord ruthven 753 00:59:29,580 --> 00:59:33,698 as a parody to Byron who, he felt, had mistreated him. 754 00:59:35,580 --> 00:59:39,095 Byron did had some classic vampire characteristics. 755 00:59:39,100 --> 00:59:41,978 He once, for instance, lived in a half ruined Abbey. 756 00:59:41,980 --> 00:59:44,016 And, in later years, wore only black, 757 00:59:44,060 --> 00:59:46,016 ate almost nothing to keep slim, 758 00:59:46,060 --> 00:59:48,449 and drank vinegar to make his face pale. 759 00:59:48,460 --> 00:59:52,692 He also had an extraordinary power over women and young men. 760 01:00:04,740 --> 01:00:07,049 Mary shelley's Frankenstein, 761 01:00:07,060 --> 01:00:10,291 perhaps the first work of science fiction, 762 01:00:10,300 --> 01:00:13,736 also took form one evening at the villa diodati, 763 01:00:13,740 --> 01:00:16,937 during which, everybody discussed Darwin's theories 764 01:00:16,940 --> 01:00:19,773 and human efforts to create life. 765 01:00:24,220 --> 01:00:27,576 Afterwards, Mary went to bed in an uneasy mood 766 01:00:27,580 --> 01:00:29,889 and experienced a terrible nightmare. 767 01:01:47,620 --> 01:01:50,817 She awoke in fright and could not go back to sleep. 768 01:01:50,820 --> 01:01:54,654 The next morning she began writing her story. 769 01:01:54,660 --> 01:01:58,494 "Twas on a dreary night of November that I beheld 770 01:01:58,500 --> 01:02:01,856 the accomplishment of my task. 771 01:02:01,860 --> 01:02:04,738 It was already one in the morning. 772 01:02:04,740 --> 01:02:07,937 The rain pattered dismally against the panes 773 01:02:07,940 --> 01:02:10,295 and my candle was nearly burnt out. 774 01:02:12,660 --> 01:02:17,176 Then, by the glimmer of the half extinguished light, 775 01:02:17,220 --> 01:02:22,214 I saw the dull, yellow eye of the creature open. 776 01:02:23,140 --> 01:02:26,894 It breathes hard and convulsive motion 777 01:02:26,900 --> 01:02:29,414 agitates its limbs." 778 01:02:37,460 --> 01:02:40,054 Mary shelley's diary provides some clues 779 01:02:40,060 --> 01:02:43,132 as to how she conceived of Frankenstein. 780 01:02:43,140 --> 01:02:48,089 During 1814, she took a trip up the rhine river. 781 01:02:50,940 --> 01:02:55,138 "We leave mainz at six o'clock and proceed in a little boat. 782 01:02:55,140 --> 01:02:57,210 The banks of the rhine are very fine, 783 01:02:57,220 --> 01:03:01,418 rocks and mountains crowned with lonely castles." 784 01:03:01,420 --> 01:03:03,650 One such castle Mary probably visited 785 01:03:03,660 --> 01:03:06,618 was the burg Frankenstein, 786 01:03:06,620 --> 01:03:10,977 built atop the densely forested magnetburg mountain. 787 01:03:17,420 --> 01:03:20,537 Within this castle, in 1673, 788 01:03:20,540 --> 01:03:22,610 was born the famous alchemist, 789 01:03:22,620 --> 01:03:24,895 who searched for the elixir of life 790 01:03:24,900 --> 01:03:28,176 through diabolical experiments. 791 01:03:28,180 --> 01:03:30,739 Mary no doubt heard this strange story, 792 01:03:30,740 --> 01:03:33,652 as well as others, about the mysterious barons 793 01:03:33,660 --> 01:03:37,414 Frankenstein. 794 01:03:37,420 --> 01:03:40,492 The castle chapel has an eerie atmosphere 795 01:03:40,500 --> 01:03:42,172 which would have made a strong impression 796 01:03:42,180 --> 01:03:44,489 on the young Mary shelley. 797 01:04:00,300 --> 01:04:02,256 Stone reliefs Mark the graves 798 01:04:02,260 --> 01:04:04,649 of several long dead frankensteins 799 01:04:04,660 --> 01:04:07,299 who met with violent ends. 800 01:04:07,300 --> 01:04:09,575 A curse was supposed fo have destroyed three members 801 01:04:09,580 --> 01:04:12,458 of the family in rapid succession. 802 01:04:27,220 --> 01:04:30,929 There is also the legend of baron Georg Von Frankenstein, 803 01:04:30,940 --> 01:04:33,932 who killed a dragon that was chasing his lady love, 804 01:04:33,940 --> 01:04:36,977 annemarie, only to be killed himself. 805 01:04:40,900 --> 01:04:44,859 Mary's diary also tells of a visit to mont blanc 806 01:04:44,860 --> 01:04:47,897 and the sea of ice, so lyrically described 807 01:04:47,900 --> 01:04:50,494 in her book by the creature himself. 808 01:04:53,220 --> 01:04:57,293 "Monday, July the 22nd, chamounix. 809 01:04:57,300 --> 01:05:01,816 As we continued, the mountains increased in height and beauty. 810 01:05:01,820 --> 01:05:03,970 The summit of the highest 811 01:05:03,980 --> 01:05:05,971 was hidden in clouds. 812 01:05:05,980 --> 01:05:09,336 But they sometimes peeked out into the blue sky higher, 813 01:05:09,340 --> 01:05:12,571 one would think, than the safety of god would permit. 814 01:05:14,580 --> 01:05:18,334 Tuesday, July the 23rd, chamounix. 815 01:05:18,340 --> 01:05:21,616 We continued our route on foot and came to the source 816 01:05:21,620 --> 01:05:24,293 which lies like a stage, surrounded on three sides 817 01:05:24,300 --> 01:05:26,973 by mountains and glaciers. 818 01:05:26,980 --> 01:05:30,768 We sat on a rock which formed the fourth side, 819 01:05:30,780 --> 01:05:33,578 gazing on the scene before us. 820 01:05:33,580 --> 01:05:36,378 An immense glacier was on our left. 821 01:06:02,500 --> 01:06:06,254 In the cathedral at sibiu, transylvania, 822 01:06:06,260 --> 01:06:10,970 is buried baron franc Von Frankenstein. 823 01:06:10,980 --> 01:06:15,132 Oddly enough, Dracula's only legitimate son, 824 01:06:15,140 --> 01:06:18,530 mihnea the bad, was murdered in the church 825 01:06:18,540 --> 01:06:21,259 and is said to be buried there as well. 826 01:06:23,980 --> 01:06:26,210 By the middle of the 19th century, 827 01:06:26,220 --> 01:06:28,734 interest in vampires and vampirism 828 01:06:28,740 --> 01:06:30,776 had spread throughout Europe. 829 01:06:30,780 --> 01:06:35,012 In england, weekly serial novels had become the rage. 830 01:06:35,020 --> 01:06:37,773 One of the most popular was varney the vampire 831 01:06:37,780 --> 01:06:40,010 or the feast of blood. 832 01:06:40,020 --> 01:06:42,375 It was of doubtful literary value, 833 01:06:42,380 --> 01:06:44,530 but the piece ended spectacularly 834 01:06:44,540 --> 01:06:46,974 with the vampire baron throwing himself 835 01:06:46,980 --> 01:06:50,450 into the hissing mouth of mt. Vesuvius. 836 01:06:50,460 --> 01:06:53,179 But it was a woman vampire, rather than a man, 837 01:06:53,180 --> 01:06:56,456 who set the stage for Dracula. 838 01:06:56,460 --> 01:06:59,770 Sheridan le fanu, Irish master of the supernatural, 839 01:06:59,780 --> 01:07:03,090 published carmilla in 1872. 840 01:07:03,100 --> 01:07:06,172 The story made a deep impression on bram stoker, 841 01:07:06,180 --> 01:07:07,977 who was then a civil servant in Dublin 842 01:07:07,980 --> 01:07:10,335 and an unpaid theater critic. 843 01:07:10,340 --> 01:07:14,697 10 years later, the flamboyant, red-bearded irishman 844 01:07:14,700 --> 01:07:18,818 became associated with Henry Irving. 845 01:07:18,820 --> 01:07:22,608 Just as polidori had modelled lord ruthvern on Byron, 846 01:07:22,620 --> 01:07:24,451 stoker no doubt gave Dracula 847 01:07:24,460 --> 01:07:28,339 some of Irving's impressive qualities. 848 01:07:28,340 --> 01:07:31,093 Bram stoker claimed that a nightmare about a vampire 849 01:07:31,100 --> 01:07:35,491 after a late supper of dressed crab inspired Dracula. 850 01:07:35,540 --> 01:07:38,259 However, he had always had an intense interest 851 01:07:38,260 --> 01:07:41,457 in the supernatural. 852 01:07:41,460 --> 01:07:44,179 He wrote 17 books in all, 853 01:07:44,180 --> 01:07:47,855 but only Dracula is really remembered today. 854 01:07:47,860 --> 01:07:49,930 He did not live to see the enormous success 855 01:07:49,940 --> 01:07:52,898 of his novel, but died in near poverty, 856 01:07:52,900 --> 01:07:55,255 according to the death certificate, 857 01:07:55,260 --> 01:07:57,251 "from exhaustion.” 858 01:07:57,260 --> 01:07:59,615 Stoker's description of count Dracula 859 01:07:59,620 --> 01:08:02,896 still evokes a sense of mysterious destiny. 860 01:08:02,900 --> 01:08:06,290 He wrote, "count must indeed have been that 861 01:08:06,300 --> 01:08:08,495 voya vod Dracula 862 01:08:08,500 --> 01:08:11,253 who won his fame against the turk. 863 01:08:11,260 --> 01:08:15,651 If it be so, then he was no common man. 864 01:08:15,660 --> 01:08:18,777 For in that time, and for centuries after, 865 01:08:18,780 --> 01:08:21,817 he was spoken of as the cleverest and the most cunning, 866 01:08:21,820 --> 01:08:23,811 as well as the bravest of the sons 867 01:08:23,820 --> 01:08:27,699 of the land beyond the forest, transylvania. 868 01:08:32,900 --> 01:08:35,972 The Draculas were a great and noble race, 869 01:08:35,980 --> 01:08:39,370 though, now and again, were said to have dealings 870 01:08:39,380 --> 01:08:41,450 with the evil one. 871 01:08:41,460 --> 01:08:45,578 In one manuscript, this very Dracula is spoken of as, 872 01:08:45,580 --> 01:08:48,139 'one peel which we all 873 01:08:48,140 --> 01:08:50,700 understand too well.'" 874 01:08:52,780 --> 01:08:55,453 the vampire has achieved its greatest popularity 875 01:08:55,460 --> 01:08:58,657 as a movie theme. 876 01:08:58,660 --> 01:09:00,571 In the early days of movies, 877 01:09:00,620 --> 01:09:04,374 theda bara, immortalized the term, "vamp," 878 01:09:04,380 --> 01:09:07,656 which later became a symbol for the roaring 20s. 879 01:09:07,660 --> 01:09:10,538 The vamp was a kind of vampire, 880 01:09:10,540 --> 01:09:12,815 a girl who first charmed her victims 881 01:09:12,820 --> 01:09:15,573 before draining them of their love or money, 882 01:09:15,660 --> 01:09:17,616 rather than their blood. 883 01:09:17,660 --> 01:09:20,458 However, in this scene from the hawk's trail, 884 01:09:20,460 --> 01:09:25,056 made in 1919, our vamp is hired by villains 885 01:09:25,060 --> 01:09:28,939 actually to do in Ace detective Sheldon Steele. 886 01:11:34,740 --> 01:11:37,891 In 1921, Max schreck, 887 01:11:37,900 --> 01:11:42,257 became the first film Dracula in nosferatu. 888 01:11:42,260 --> 01:11:43,978 This classic silent film was directed 889 01:11:43,980 --> 01:11:47,131 by the German expressionist, friedrich murnau. 890 01:11:47,140 --> 01:11:49,449 It drew openly on stoker's book, 891 01:11:49,460 --> 01:11:51,610 and, although murnau gave stoker the credit, 892 01:11:51,620 --> 01:11:53,975 he did not seek permission. 893 01:11:53,980 --> 01:11:57,131 The court ordered the negative and all prints destroyed. 894 01:11:57,140 --> 01:11:59,608 But, somehow, the film survived 895 01:11:59,620 --> 01:12:03,329 and was shown on a limited basis in London and America. 896 01:12:03,340 --> 01:12:06,935 Legal or not, nosferatu captured a mood 897 01:12:06,940 --> 01:12:09,534 which has seldom been equaled. 898 01:14:47,940 --> 01:14:51,171 Like bram stoker, the famous Danish director, Carl dreyer, 899 01:14:51,180 --> 01:14:54,172 was fascinated by le fanu's story, carmilla. 900 01:14:54,180 --> 01:14:57,729 In 1932, he made his classic film, vampyr, 901 01:14:57,740 --> 01:14:59,890 based on the story. 902 01:14:59,900 --> 01:15:03,939 Briefly, a young woman is victimized by a vampire. 903 01:15:03,940 --> 01:15:06,738 After many adventures, the vampire's helper, 904 01:15:06,740 --> 01:15:10,050 Dr. hieronimko, is buried alive, 905 01:15:10,060 --> 01:15:11,539 and the hero drives a stake 906 01:15:11,540 --> 01:15:13,258 through the heart of the vampire, 907 01:15:13,260 --> 01:15:14,932 an old countess. 908 01:15:14,940 --> 01:15:17,977 As always, dreyer obtained fine performance 909 01:15:17,980 --> 01:15:21,336 from his amateur actors. 910 01:15:21,340 --> 01:15:25,413 The first mass audience Dracula film was made in 1931 911 01:15:25,420 --> 01:15:28,810 and starred the Hungarian actor, bela lugosi, 912 01:15:28,820 --> 01:15:30,572 who had also played the role of Dracula 913 01:15:30,580 --> 01:15:32,696 innumerable times on the stage. 914 01:15:32,700 --> 01:15:35,976 The film was an immediate and lasting success. 915 01:15:38,260 --> 01:15:41,172 Lugosi said that 90% of his fan mail 916 01:15:41,180 --> 01:15:45,298 was from women who found Dracula strangely attractive. 917 01:15:48,020 --> 01:15:51,569 He himself was born in the Hungarian town of lugos 918 01:15:51,580 --> 01:15:55,971 and immigrated to the United States. 919 01:15:56,060 --> 01:16:00,770 In the mid-1920s, lugosi starred with Lila Lee 920 01:16:00,780 --> 01:16:04,295 in the midnight girl, a silent melodrama. 921 01:16:04,300 --> 01:16:07,178 His menacing role in this film is very suggestive of Dracula, 922 01:16:07,180 --> 01:16:10,490 the role that was to make him famous several years later. 923 01:19:46,380 --> 01:19:48,416 Although lugosi remained, for most people, 924 01:19:48,420 --> 01:19:50,297 the one and only Dracula, 925 01:19:50,300 --> 01:19:53,497 a number of other Dracula films were produced in the 40s. 926 01:20:01,540 --> 01:20:04,657 In 1958, the Dracula tradition 927 01:20:04,660 --> 01:20:08,096 was revived in horror of Dracula. 928 01:20:08,100 --> 01:20:10,330 The film returned more than eight times 929 01:20:10,340 --> 01:20:12,331 its production costs, 930 01:20:12,340 --> 01:20:15,491 and the producers, hammer films of London, 931 01:20:15,500 --> 01:20:18,014 went on to make 6 more Dracula films 932 01:20:18,020 --> 01:20:19,976 over the next 16 years. 933 01:20:22,140 --> 01:20:25,257 75 years have passed since bram stoker 934 01:20:25,260 --> 01:20:28,855 created his sinister transylvanian count. 935 01:20:28,860 --> 01:20:33,775 However, he still fascinates vast numbers of people, 936 01:20:33,780 --> 01:20:37,295 and will no doubt continue to do so, 937 01:20:37,300 --> 01:20:40,098 for there is yet to be another fictional character 938 01:20:40,100 --> 01:20:43,410 - quite like count Dracula. - John? 939 01:20:46,340 --> 01:20:48,331 John? 940 01:21:35,620 --> 01:21:38,418 Just a word, ladies and gentlemen, 941 01:21:38,420 --> 01:21:41,935 a word of reassurance. 942 01:21:41,940 --> 01:21:43,339 When you go to bed tonight, 943 01:21:43,340 --> 01:21:44,898 and the lights have all been turned out, 944 01:21:44,900 --> 01:21:47,459 and you're afraid to look behind the curtain, 945 01:21:47,460 --> 01:21:51,772 and you dread to see the face appearing at the window, 946 01:21:51,780 --> 01:21:54,692 just remember... 947 01:21:54,700 --> 01:21:57,260 There are such things.